In recent years, many advances have been made in identifying and understanding the pathways that contribute to tumor immune evasion throughout the course of immunotherapy treatment. To improve the overall survival of melanoma patients new treatment strategies must be designed to minimize the risk of acquired resistance and overcome existing primary resistance. ![]() ![]() One major factor that contributes to lower response in this population is acquired or primary resistance to immunotherapies via tumor immune evasion. ![]() Unfortunately, this also means that half of the patients with melanoma do not respond to current therapies and live less than 5 years after diagnosis. With the implementation of immunotherapies, approximately half of patients with metastatic melanoma now survive more than 5 years. Prior to the advent of targeted and immunotherapies, metastatic melanoma was considered a death sentence, with less than 5% of patients surviving more than 5 years. Since 2011, developments in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been essential for significantly improving overall survival rates. Melanoma is one of the seven most common cancers in the United States, and its incidence is still increasing. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
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